Formamide is a compound, colorless and transparent liquid with a slight ammonia odor. It is a raw material for synthesizing pharmaceuticals, spices, dyes, etc. It can also be used as a solvent in the spinning of synthetic fibers, plastic processing, and the production of lignin ink.
Character: Transparent oily liquid with slight ammonia odor, hygroscopic, flammable.
Relative density: 1.133 (20/4 ℃)
Boiling point: 210 ℃.
Melting point: 2.55 ℃.
Flash point: 154 ℃ (open cup)
Refractive index: nD (25 ℃) 1.4468.
Flash point:>500 ℃.
Formamide has active reactivity and special solubility, and can be used as an organic synthesis raw material, paper processing agent, softener for fiber industry, softener for animal glue, and analytical reagent for determining amino acid content in rice. In organic synthesis, the use of pharmaceuticals is predominant, and there are also many uses in pesticides, dyes, pigments, spices, and additives.
Used as an intermediate to synthesize imidazole, pyrimidine, 1,3,5-triazine, caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine. Used as raw materials for dyes, spices, pigments, adhesives, textile additives, paper processing agents, etc. Raw materials for producing formic acid and dimethylformamide.
It is also an excellent organic solvent, mainly used in the spinning of acrylonitrile copolymers and ion exchange resins, as well as in the anti-static or conductive coating of plastic products. In addition, it is also used for separating chlorosilane, purifying oils, etc. Formamide can undergo various reactions, including dehydration, CO removal, introduction of amino groups, introduction of acyl groups, and cyclization, in addition to involving three hydrogen atoms.
Take Huanhe as an example. Diethyl malonate cyclizes with formamide to obtain the intermediate 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine of vitamin B4. O-aminobenzoic acid cyclizes with amide to obtain the intermediate quinazolone 4, which is an antiarrhythmic pyrroline. 3-Amino-4-ethoxycarbonyl pyrazole cyclizes with formamide to obtain xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol. Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid cyclizes with formamide to obtain the anticancer drug ethylimine. The intermediate of sulfonamide drugs, 5-methoxy-4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine disodium, is obtained by cyclization of methoxymethyl malonate with formamide.
