Trimethylolpropane CAS 77-99-6

Trimethylolpropane, with the CAS number 77-99-6, is a trifunctional alcohol characterized by its molecular formula C₆H₁₄O₃. It is also known by several synonyms, including 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)propane and propylidynetrimethanol.
Chemical Properties
Appearance: Trimethylolpropane is typically a colorless, hygroscopic solid that can appear as crystals or flakes. It is soluble in water and alcohol, making it versatile for various applications.
Physical Properties:
Melting Point: Approximately 56-62 °C.
Boiling Point: Ranges from 159-161 °C at reduced pressure.
Density: About 1.176 g/mL.
Production
Trimethylolpropane is produced through a two-step chemical process:
Condensation: Butanal is reacted with formaldehyde to form an intermediate.
Cannizzaro Reaction: The intermediate undergoes a reaction with additional formaldehyde in the presence of a base, resulting in trimethylolpropane.
This compound is manufactured in significant quantities, with annual production estimated at around 200,000 metric tons.
Applications
Trimethylolpropane is primarily used as a precursor in the production of various resins, including:
Alkyd Resins: Used in paints and coatings, providing enhanced water and chemical resistance compared to glycerol-based resins.
Polyester Resins: Employed in coatings and elastomers, contributing to the durability and flexibility of the final products.
Polyurethanes: Utilized in the synthesis of coatings and foams, enhancing performance characteristics.
Additionally, it serves as a building block in the polymer industry, particularly in the formulation of high-gloss coatings and ion exchange resins.
Safety and Environmental Impact
Trimethylolpropane is generally considered non-toxic to aquatic life and does not exhibit genotoxic effects. However, as with all chemicals, appropriate safety measures should be taken during handling and use.
In summary, trimethylolpropane is a versatile chemical compound with significant applications in the resin and coatings industries, produced through a well-defined chemical process, and recognized for its favorable safety profile.