Dimethyl sulfoxide CAS 67-68-5

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), with the CAS number 67-68-5, is a highly versatile organosulfur compound known for its unique solvent properties. It is a colorless liquid that is miscible with both water and a wide range of organic solvents, making it an invaluable tool in various scientific fields.
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula: The molecular formula of DMSO is (CH₃)₂SO, indicating that it consists of two methyl groups attached to a sulfoxide functional group.
Molecular Weight: The molecular weight of DMSO is approximately 78.13 g/mol.
Polarity: DMSO is classified as a polar aprotic solvent, which allows it to dissolve both polar and non-polar compounds effectively. This property is largely due to the presence of the sulfinyl group, which can engage in strong dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding with various substances.
Applications
DMSO is widely used in several applications, including:
Chemical Reactions: It serves as a solvent in various chemical reactions, particularly those involving salts, such as Finkelstein reactions. Its ability to solvate a broad range of reactants enhances reaction efficiency and can facilitate reactions that might not occur in other solvents.
Biological Research: DMSO is utilized in molecular biology and biochemistry for its ability to penetrate biological membranes, making it useful for transporting compounds into cells. It is also employed as a cryoprotectant in the preservation of biological samples.
Materials Science: In materials science, DMSO is used in the synthesis and intercalation processes of nanomaterials, aiding in the dispersion of materials at the molecular level. It is also significant in polymer chemistry for dissolving and manipulating polymers.
Safety and Handling
While DMSO is considered to have low toxicity compared to many other solvents, it can cause skin irritation upon contact. Proper safety measures should be taken when handling this chemical, including the use of gloves and protective eyewear.
In summary, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a crucial solvent in both chemical and biological research due to its unique properties and versatility. Its ability to dissolve a wide range of substances and penetrate biological membranes makes it an essential tool across various scientific disciplines.