Cyclopentane, identified by the CAS number 287-92-3, is a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon characterized by its five-membered ring structure. Each carbon atom in the ring is bonded to two hydrogen atoms, resulting in the chemical formula C₅H₁₀. This compound is a colorless, flammable liquid with a mild, sweet odor, and it is insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents like alcohol and ether.
Physical Properties
Molecular Weight: Approximately 70.13 g/mol
Boiling Point: About 49 °C (120.2 °F)
Freezing Point: Approximately -94 °C (-137.2 °F)
Density: Approximately 0.751 g/mL at 25 °C.
Chemical Behavior and Applications
Cyclopentane is primarily used as a non-polar solvent in various chemical reactions and organic syntheses due to its ability to dissolve non-polar compounds without participating in chemical reactions. Its unique properties also make it valuable in materials science, particularly in the development of hydrophobic coatings and specialized industrial applications.
In addition to its role as a solvent, cyclopentane is utilized in the production of polyurethane insulating foam, serving as a blowing agent that replaces ozone-depleting substances like CFCs and HCFCs. It is commonly found in the insulation of domestic appliances such as refrigerators and freezers, where it is marked with warning labels due to its flammability.
Safety Considerations
Cyclopentane is classified as a highly flammable liquid, with a flash point below 73°F (approximately 23°C). It poses health risks if inhaled or if it comes into contact with skin, potentially causing irritation and central nervous system effects. Proper safety precautions are essential when handling this chemical to prevent accidents and exposure.
In summary, cyclopentane is a versatile chemical compound with significant applications in both industrial and research settings, valued for its solvent properties and role in environmentally friendly insulation materials.
