Aniline, with the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number 62-53-3, is an organic compound characterized by its formula C₆H₅NH₂. It is also known by several synonyms, including aminobenzene and phenylamine. Aniline is a colorless to slightly yellow oily liquid that has a distinctive musty or fish-like odor, detectable at low concentrations.
Chemical Properties and Structure
Aniline consists of a phenyl group (C₆H₅) attached to an amino group (NH₂). This structure makes it the simplest aromatic amine and gives it unique chemical properties, such as the ability to participate in electrophilic substitution reactions, which are crucial for synthesizing various industrial chemicals.
Molecular Formula: C₆H₇N
Melting Point: -6 °C
Boiling Point: 184 °C
Flash Point: 158 °F
Aniline is denser than water and is slightly soluble in it, but it is more soluble in organic solvents like ethanol and ether.
Uses of Aniline
Aniline is widely used in the chemical industry for the production of:
Dyes: It serves as a precursor for various dyes and pigments.
Pharmaceuticals: Aniline derivatives are important in the synthesis of numerous drugs.
Polyurethanes: It is a key ingredient in manufacturing methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), which is essential for producing polyurethanes used in foams and adhesives.
Rubber Processing Chemicals: Aniline is utilized in the rubber industry for various applications.
Health and Environmental Impact
Exposure to aniline can occur through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact, particularly in occupational settings. While the general public may encounter it through contaminated food or tobacco smoke, the levels are typically low. Regulatory agencies enforce safe exposure limits to mitigate health risks, as aniline can be toxic and has been associated with adverse health effects, including potential carcinogenicity.
In summary, aniline is a versatile compound with significant industrial applications, but it also poses health risks that necessitate careful handling and regulation.
